Mark w



I UNITED STATES PATENT; OFFICE;

MARK WV. DEWEY, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE DEWVEY CORPORATION, OF SAME PLACE.

TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 402,414, dated April 30, 1889.

Application tiled otolrt. 3, 1888. Serial No. 287,039- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARK W. DEWEY,-of Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, in the State of New York, have invented new and useful- Improvements in the Art of Telegraphy, of which the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a full,

clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to the class of telegra 1o phy wherein a stylus orpen atthe receivingstation is caused to trace or write letters or characters corresponding to letters or characters traced or written by a stylus or pen at the transmitting-station.

1 The purpose of my invention is to provide means to enable a person to produce letters or characters which are required to be shaded or formed of lines of different strengths or widths to distinguish one character from another, or to produce the style of phonographie writing or phonetic short-hand in which about half of the signs used are required to be formed with heavier lines than the other half. For instance, the letters T and D are Written 2 5 phonographically: thus: I and I. In order to distinguish T from D in phonetic short-hand, D must be made heavier than T. It is the same with the vowels. To distinguish a from o, o is made heavier than u. The said vowels,

when written phonographically and placed after the consonant T, appear thus: I- (u), (6.) Some of the signs compose parts of circles. F is written a light line. V is written L,- a heavy line. It will be also noticed that the curved line forming V tapers at its ends. Now, while this may not be absolutely necessary, yet it is always so written by hand, and so are also all the other heavy curved signs, for the reasons that it is more convenient to so write them, and greater speed is derived thereby.

It is needless to describe the numerous benefits derived by making it possible to form stenographic characters by the receiving-pen 5 of a writing-telegraph. The great increase of speed of transmission will be appreciated by those conversant with the art to which my invention pertains. Of course it will be useful for many other purposes besides stenographic writing-in fact, wherever it is iiec- 5o essary to make dots or lines of varying size or width.

Now, the object of this invention is to accomplish the aforesaid desired effect telegraphically; and to that end the invention consists in the methods of controlling the movements of the receiving stylus or pen, in the manner hereinafter described, and specifically set forth in the claims.

Autographie telegraphs have been invented having means for raising the receiving-pen from the paper automatically with the raising of the transmitting stylus or pen and lowering the said receiving-pen (M0 the paper by lowering the transmitting stylus or pen; but, as already stated, such prior devices have been incapable of varying the pressure of the receiving-pen resting upon the paper to make a heavy, light, or tapered line. This variation of pressure of the receiving -pen to form light, heavy, or tapered lines I obtain automatically by varying the pressure upon the transmitting stylus or pen. The means by whichI obtain this result will be presently explained, and, while the plan may be employed on other autographic telegraphs, itis more especially adapted to be used in connection with the form described and shown in my applications for Letters Patent for autographic telegraphs, Serial Nos. 276,354, 8c 285,577, and 286,098, filed, respectively, June 7, 1888, September 17, 1888, and September 22, 1888.

A new and improved plan for raising the pen from or lowering it onto the paper is also shown in the annexed drawings, in which Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of the transmitting and receiving apparatus conneeted with the line-wire in the manner similar to that shown in my prior applications for Letters Patent before referred to. Fig. 2 is a modification of the transmitting part shown in Fig; 1. Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section and side elevation of the transmittingpen. Fig. 4 shows the same views of the re- 9 5 eeiving-pen.

In Fig. 1 Y represents the transmittingstation, and Z the reeeivin g-station connected by the line-wire A. A reed or electrotome, a,

vibrated continuously by a magnet, l), in a local circuit, A, is pla'cedin a branch, A, of

the main-line circuit A, so as to'make and 5 break the circuit in the branch by the vibrations of the reeds in the same manner as described and shown in my prior applications f or patents hcreinbeforc referred to. Of course when used with other reeds in the circuit each should have a different rate of vibration. The branch between the reed and batteryl is connected with the stylus or pen 0, which is specially constructed for the purpose, but admits of many modifications of its details. The preferred form here illustrated consists of a non-metallic sleeve or tubular holder, c, having its lower end open and its upper end provided with a metallic cap, In said sleeve slides the guide 2) for the stylus or pen 9. When it is desired to write with ink, 1 form guide p in the shape of a cylindrical receptacle for the ink, and connect to the lower end thereof a smaller tube, g, which protrudes from the lower end of the holder e, and is preferably tapered, and inside of this small tube is arranged .movably longittulinally the pen proper, 9, consisting of a small stem, to which is attached a valve, r, which closes the outlet of the ink when the saidpcn is relieved from pressure against its outer end and protrudes to its maxim um extent, as shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings.

To the underside of the cap 0' is attached a button, 0, of carbon or other substance of fering more or less resistance to the electric current, according to the degree of pressure applied thereto, and to the upper end of the guide or ink-receptacle p is secured an electric contact-point, (I, which is separated from the button 0 when the stylus or pen is relieved from upward pressure.

One of the wires of the branch A is connected to the cap 0, and consequently also with the button c, and the other wire of said branch is connected with the electric contact-point (Z. "hen the pen is raised above the paper, the plunger falls by gravity and then the contact (7 does not touch the carbon c, and thus the circuit is broken. This serves to raise the receiving-pen from the paper, as hereinafter described, and when the transmitting-pen is lowered and made to press upon the paper with sufficient force to cause the point (I to come in contact with the carbon with a slight pressure, enough to close the break in the branch, the receiving-pen (1' will be lowered onto the paper with a corresponding slight pressure, which effects I will now proceed to explain.

The receiving-instrument C consists of a sleeve or tubularholder,F,in which is arranged movably longitudinally the guide or ink-receptacle p, which has attached to its lower end a pen or stylus proper, y, of the same form as that of the transmitting-pen 'hercinbefore described. To the upper end of the receptacle 1) is attached the core I of a solenreed a.

oid, 71., firmly secured to the interior of the sleeve F, as shown in Fig. 4c of the drawings.

The sleeve or holder F is sustained a uniform distance above the surface to receive the markings or inscriptions, and the stylus or pen g is also supported above said surface by a spring, f, coni'lecting the upper end of the coreZ with the upper end of the sleeve F. The solenoid h is connected in the local circuit D.

The reed (1, although vibrated continuously, cannot produce impulses in the line except when the branch is closed in the transmitting-pen. Therefore no impulses go from the said reed to line when said pen is in its raised position, and the corresponding reed a at the receiving-station Z is therefore at rest; and when in this state the local circuit D, which it controls by its amplitude of vibration, is broken by the end of the lcverf. resting on the insulating material 14, allowing the springf within the receivingdiolder F to raise the pen g" from the paper. When the transmitting-pen is lowered onto the paper with a slight pressure, enough to close the break in the branch, weak impulses go to lineweak becausc'of the greater resistance to the current by the carbon when the pressure upon the same is slight. The impulses created in the line and magnet l) at the re ceiving-station vibrate slightly the receivingreed a, enough to close the local circuit 1), including a solenoid, it, within the holder of the receiving-pen, thereby causing the pen to protrude farther and come in contact with the paper with slight pressure to produce a light line. i i i i i Now, in order to produce heavier lines or tapered lines, it is only necessary to increase the pressure of the transmitting-pen upon the substance written upon as when writing ordinarily. This increased prcssuredecreases the resistance of the carbon, and thereby strengthens the impulses in the line and magnet b at the receiving-station and increases the amplitude of the reed a, which by a variable resistance, 0, preferably similar to those described in my prior applications for Letters Patent above referred to, decreases the resistance in the said local circuit 1) containing the solenoid 71, and causes the same to force the pen with greater pressure upon the paper, so as to trace heavier lines thereon.

Fig. 2 shows the transmitting-pen 0, connectcd in the local circuit A, operating the In this case, however, the reed is only vibrated whenever the local circuit is closed by pressure with the pen upon the papcr,and

vibrated with greater or lessamplitude,according to the degree of pressure of the said transmitting-pen upon the paper. A magnet, 2', in the main line is placed opposite the reed, the movement of which produces impulses in the magnet and line, as is well known, operatin g at the rccciving-station in the same manner as described in relation to Fig. 1. It will be noticed that the rod r, supporting the receiving-pen,is in this case only. adapted to lateral movement, on account of the form of joints 7". i.

I do not wish to be limited to this particular plan for accomplishing the resultviz., producing light and heavy lines with the receiving-pen' automatically by varying the pressure with the transmittin g-p enfor many ways will suggest themselves to those versed in the art without departing from the spirit of my invention.

It will be noticed that the increase of pressure of the receiving-pen upon the paper does not materially increase the friction when moved, as the construction is such that slight pressure will open the valve 11, which allows a greater flow of ink.

The different degrees of pressure of the transmitting-pen may be arranged to cause a greater flow of ink from the receiving-pen without increasing the pressure of the latter.

I. do not claim in this application the means for attaining the hereinbefore-stated result,

said means constituting the subject-matter of another application for Letters Patent of even date herewith.

\Vhat I do claim in this application is- 1. In the art of reproducing written characters electro-telegraphically, the method which consists in varying the strength of the line-current formed of. rapid impulses andcausing such varying line-current to actuate electro-magnetic devices to control the flow of ink or marking-fluid of the receiving-instrument.

2. In the art of reproducing written characters electro telegraphically, the method which consists in varying the strength of the lin e-current formed of rapid impulses of varying amplitude and causing such varying linecurrent to actuate electro-magnetic devices to vary proportion ally and synchronously the impulses and their amplitude, and a local circuit in which are located electro-magnetic valve-operating devices to control the flow of ink or marking-fluid of the receiving-instrument.

3. In the art of reproducing written characters electro telegraphically, the method which consists in transmitting over a linecircuit rapid electrical impulses of varying strengths, varying the strength of said. impulses by the pressure exerted upon the transmitting instrument, and operating electromagnetic devices at the receiving end of the line-circuit by the varying electrical impulses to control the flow of ink or marking-fluid of the receiving-instrument.

4. Inthe art of reproducing written characters electro telegraphically, the method which consists in transmitting over a linecircuit rapid electrical impulses of varying strengths, varying the resistance of the linecircuit and with it the strengths of said impulses by the pressure exerted upon the transmitting-instrument, and operating electromagnetic devices at the receiving end of the line-circuit by the varying electrical impulses to. decrease or increase the flow of ink or marking-fluid of the receiving-instru1nent synchronously with the increase or decrease of the resistance of the line.

5. In the art of reproducing written characters electro telegraphically, the method which consists in varying the strength ofthe line-current formed of rapid impulses by the action of-a transmitting-instrument and cansing the impulses of the line-current to energize to a varying degree, and an electro-magnetic device controlling the strength of a local circuit formed of rapid impulses by said electro-magnetic device in the line-circuit and operating an electrically-actuated ink or marking-fluid feeding device in a receiving-instrument to vary the flow of said ink or markingfluid.

6. In the art of reproducing written characters electro telegraphically, the method which consists in transmitting over the linecircuit electrical impulses'by varying the resistance in the line-circuit and simultaneously (by the aid of electro-magnetic devices actuated by said line-current) varying the resistance of a local circuit synchronously withthe variations in the resistance of the line: circuit, and by the varying current in the local circuit operating an electro-magnetic fluid-controlling device of a-receiving-instru: ment.

7. In the art of reproducing written characters, the method which consists in supply ing current to a line-circuit and controlling the strength of the current by interposing a variable resistance in the operating-circuit, varying the resistance by the pressure of a transmittinginstrument upon a surface, and synchronously operating through the agency of the line-current a receiving-instrumcnt having an electro magnetically operated point or marking part to move said marking part of the receivin g-instrument in accordance with the varying current transmitted over the line-circuit.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name, in the presence of two witnesses, at Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, in the State of New York, this 29th day of September, 1888.

: MARK IV. ,DEIVEY. [L s.]

Witnesses:

J; J. LAASS, C. H.,DUELL. 

